Molecular diagnostic assays for the detection of common bacterial meningitis pathogens: A narrative review.

Kanny Diallo; Vitalis F Feteh; Lilian Ibe; Martin Antonio ORCID logo; Dominique A Caugant; Mignon du Plessis; Ala-Eddine Deghmane; Ian M Feavers; Katya Fernandez; LeAnne M Fox; +7 more... Charlene MC Rodrigues ORCID logo; Olivier Ronveaux; Muhamed-Kheir Taha; Xin Wang; Angela B Brueggemann; Martin CJ Maiden; Odile B Harrison; (2021) Molecular diagnostic assays for the detection of common bacterial meningitis pathogens: A narrative review. EBioMedicine, 65. 103274-. ISSN 2352-3964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103274
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Bacterial meningitis is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Rapid identification of the aetiological agent of meningitis is essential for clinical and public health management and disease prevention given the wide range of pathogens that cause the clinical syndrome and the availability of vaccines that protect against some, but not all, of these. Since microbiological culture is complex, slow, and often impacted by prior antimicrobial treatment of the patient, molecular diagnostic assays have been developed for bacterial detection. Distinguishing between meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus agalactiae and identifying their polysaccharide capsules is especially important. Here, we review methods used in the identification of these bacteria, providing an up-to-date account of available assays, allowing clinicians and diagnostic laboratories to make informed decisions about which assays to use.


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