LSHTM Organisational Structure (57264)

Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (18516)

Department of Infection Biology (5552)

Dept of Immunology and Infection (-2019) (972)

Dept of Pathogen Molecular Biology (-2019) (1192) Month Authors/Creators Item Type Full Text

December 2009

CCL2 responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis are associated with disease severity in tuberculosis. (2009) Hasan, Zahra; Cliff, Jacqueline M; Dockrell, Hazel M; Jamil, Bushra; Irfan, Muhammad; Ashraf, Mussarat; Hussain, Rabia

Genomewide association study of leprosy. (2009) Zhang, Fu-Ren; Huang, Wei; Chen, Shu-Min; Sun, Liang-Dan; Liu, Hong; Li, Yi; Cui, Yong; Yan, Xiao-Xiao; Yang, Hai-Tao; Yang, Rong-De; Chu, Tong-Sheng; Zhang, Chi; Zhang, Lin; Han, Jian-Wen; Yu, Gong-Qi; Quan, Cheng; Yu, Yong-Xiang; Zhang, Zheng; Shi, Ben-Qing; Zhang, Lian-Hua; Cheng, Hui; Wang, Chang-Yuan; Lin, Yan; Zheng, Hou-Feng; Fu, Xi-An; Zuo, Xian-Bo; Wang, Qiang; Long, Heng; Sun, Yi-Ping; Cheng, Yi-Lin; Tian, Hong-Qing; Zhou, Fu-Sheng; Liu, Hua-Xu; Lu, Wen-Sheng; He, Su-Min; Du, Wen-Li; Shen, Min; Jin, Qi-Yi; Wang, Ying; Low, Hui-Qi; Erwin, Tantoso; Yang, Ning-Han; Li, Jin-Yong; Zhao, Xin; Jiao, Yue-Lin; Mao, Li-Guo; Yin, Gang; Jiang, Zhen-Xia; Wang, Xiao-Dong; Yu, Jing-Ping; Hu, Zong-Hou; Gong, Cui-Hua; Liu, Yu-Qiang; Liu, Rui-Yu; Wang, De-Min; Wei, Dong; Liu, Jin-Xian; Cao, Wei-Kun; Cao, Hong-Zhong; Li, Yong-Ping; Yan, Wei-Guo; Wei, Shi-Yu; Wang, Kui-Jun; Hibberd, Martin L; Yang, Sen; Zhang, Xue-Jun; Liu, Jian-Jun

Evolutionary diversification of an ancient gene family (rhs) through C-terminal displacement. (2009) Jackson, Andrew P; Thomas, Gavin H; Parkhill, Julian; Thomson, Nicholas R

A simple method for directional transcriptome sequencing using Illumina technology. (2009) Croucher, Nicholas J; Fookes, Maria C; Perkins, Timothy T; Turner, Daniel J; Marguerat, Samuel B; Keane, Thomas; Quail, Michael A; He, Miao; Assefa, Sammey; Bähler, Jürg; Kingsley, Robert A; Parkhill, Julian; Bentley, Stephen D; Dougan, Gordon; Thomson, Nicholas R

November 2009

Genomic and phenotypic variation in epidemic-spanning Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates. (2009) Betancor, Laura; Yim, Lucia; Fookes, Maria; Martinez, Araci; Thomson, Nicholas R; Ivens, Alasdair; Peters, Sarah; Bryant, Clare; Algorta, Gabriela; Kariuki, Samuel; Schelotto, Felipe; Maskell, Duncan; Dougan, Gordon; Chabalgoity, Jose A

Impact of RTS,S/AS02(A) and RTS,S/AS01(B) on genotypes of P. falciparum in adults participating in a malaria vaccine clinical trial. (2009) Waitumbi, John N; Anyona, Samuel B; Hunja, Carol W; Kifude, Carolyne M; Polhemus, Mark E; Walsh, Douglas S; Ockenhouse, Chris F; Heppner, D Gray; Leach, Amanda; Lievens, Marc; Ballou, W Ripley; Cohen, Joe D; Sutherland, Colin J

The Citrobacter rodentium genome sequence reveals convergent evolution with human pathogenic Escherichia coli. (2009) Petty, Nicola K; Bulgin, Richard; Crepin, Valerie F; Cerdeño-Tárraga, Ana M; Schroeder, Gunnar N; Quail, Michael A; Lennard, Nicola; Corton, Craig; Barron, Andrew; Clark, Louise; Toribio, Ana L; Parkhill, Julian; Dougan, Gordon; Frankel, Gad; Thomson, Nicholas R

October 2009

Heritability of antibody isotype and subclass responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens. (2009) Duah, Nancy O; Weiss, Helen A; Jepson, Annette; Tetteh, Kevin KA; Whittle, Hilton C; Conway, David J picture_as_pdf

September 2009

Characterisation of a GII-4 norovirus variant-specific surface-exposed site involved in antibody binding. (2009) Allen, David J; Noad, Rob; Samuel, Dhan; Gray, Jim J; Roy, Polly; Iturriza-Gómara, Miren

A cyclic GMP signalling module that regulates gliding motility in a malaria parasite. (2009) Moon, Robert W; Taylor, Cathy J; Bex, Claudia; Schepers, Rebecca; Goulding, David; Janse, Chris J; Waters, Andrew P; Baker, David A; Billker, Oliver

August 2009

Detecting SNPs and estimating allele frequencies in clonal bacterial populations by sequencing pooled DNA. (2009) Holt, Kathryn E; Teo, Yik Y; Li, Heng; Nair, Satheesh; Dougan, Gordon; Wain, John; Parkhill, Julian

Gene copy number variation throughout the Plasmodium falciparum genome. (2009) Cheeseman, Ian H; Gomez-Escobar, Natalia; Carret, Celine K; Ivens, Alasdair; Stewart, Lindsay B; Tetteh, Kevin KA; Conway, David J picture_as_pdf

July 2009

A strand-specific RNA-Seq analysis of the transcriptome of the typhoid bacillus Salmonella typhi. (2009) Perkins, Timothy T; Kingsley, Robert A; Fookes, Maria C; Gardner, Paul P; James, Keith D; Yu, Lu; Assefa, Samuel A; He, Miao; Croucher, Nicholas J; Pickard, Derek J; Maskell, Duncan J; Parkhill, Julian; Choudhary, Jyoti; Thomson, Nicholas R; Dougan, Gordon

May 2009

Genetic polymorphisms in host response to meningococcal infection: the role of susceptibility and severity genes. (2009) Wright, Victoria; Hibberd, Martin; Levin, Michael

Prospective identification of malaria parasite genes under balancing selection. (2009) Tetteh, Kevin KA; Stewart, Lindsay B; Ochola, Lynette Isabella; Amambua-Ngwa, Alfred; Thomas, Alan W; Marsh, Kevin; Weedall, Gareth D; Conway, David J

February 2009

Loss of population levels of immunity to malaria as a result of exposure-reducing interventions: consequences for interpretation of disease trends. (2009) Ghani, Azra C; Sutherland, Colin J; Riley, Eleanor M; Drakeley, Chris J; Griffin, Jamie T; Gosling, Roly D; Filipe, Joao AN

January 2009

Pseudogene accumulation in the evolutionary histories of Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A and Typhi. (2009) Holt, Kathryn E; Thomson, Nicholas R; Wain, John; Langridge, Gemma C; Hasan, Rumina; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Quail, Michael A; Norbertczak, Halina; Walker, Danielle; Simmonds, Mark; White, Brian; Bason, Nathalie; Mungall, Karen; Dougan, Gordon; Parkhill, Julian

Septins regulate bacterial entry into host cells. (2009) Mostowy, Serge; Nam Tham, To; Danckaert, Anne; Guadagnini, Stéphanie; Boisson-Dupuis, Stéphanie; Pizarro-Cerdá, Javier; Cossart, Pascale

DNAPlotter: circular and linear interactive genome visualization. (2009) Carver, Tim; Thomson, Nick; Bleasby, Alan; Berriman, Matthew; Parkhill, Julian

2009

Variant c-type cytochromes as probes of the substrate specificity of the E. coli cytochrome c maturation (Ccm) apparatus. (2009) Allen, James WA; Sawyer, Elizabeth B; Ginger, Michael L; Barker, Paul D; Ferguson, Stuart J

SnoopCGH: software for visualizing comparative genomic hybridization data. (2009) Almagro-Garcia, Jacob; Manske, Magnus; Carret, Celine; Campino, Susana; Auburn, Sarah; Macinnis, Bronwyn L; Maslen, Gareth; Pain, Arnab; Newbold, Christopher I; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P; Clark, Taane G

DNA breaks as triggers for antigenic variation in African trypanosomes. (2009) Alsford, Sam; Horn, David; Glover, Lucy

MIG (CXCL9) is a more sensitive measure than IFN-gamma of vaccine induced T-cell responses in volunteers receiving investigated malaria vaccines. (2009) Berthoud, Tamara K; Dunachie, Susanna J; Todryk, Stephen; Hill, Adrian VS; Fletcher, Helen A

Comparing human T cell and NK cell responses in viral-based malaria vaccine trials. (2009) Berthoud, Tamara K; Fletcher, Helen; Porter, David; Thompson, Fiona; Hill, Adrian VS; Todryk, Stephen M

Immunogenicity of novel DosR regulon-encoded candidate antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in three high-burden populations in Africa. (2009) Black, Gillian F; Thiel, Bonnie A; Ota, Martin O; Parida, Shreemanta K; Adegbola, Richard; Boom, W Henry; Dockrell, Hazel M; Franken, Kees LMC; Friggen, Annemiek H; Hill, Philip C; Klein, Michel R; Lalor, Maeve K; Mayanja, Harriet; Schoolnik, Gary; Stanley, Kim; Weldingh, Karin; Kaufmann, Stefan HE; Walzl, Gerhard; Ottenhoff, Tom HM; GCGH Biomarkers for TB Consortium

TLR9 polymorphisms in African populations: no association with severe malaria, but evidence of cis-variants acting on gene expression. (2009) Campino, Susana; Forton, Julian; Auburn, Sarah; Fry, Andrew; Diakite, Mahamadou; Richardson, Anna; Hull, Jeremy; Jallow, Muminatou; Sisay-Joof, Fatou; Pinder, Margaret; Molyneux, Malcolm E; Taylor, Terrie E; Rockett, Kirk; Clark, Taane G; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P

A viral nonstructural protein regulates bluetongue virus trafficking and release. (2009) Celma, Cristina CP; Roy, Polly

Galleria mellonella as an alternative infection model for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. (2009) Champion, Olivia L; Cooper, Ian AM; James, Sarah L; Ford, Donna; Karlyshev, Andrey; Wren, Brendan W; Duffield, Melanie; Oyston, Petra CF; Titball, Richard W

Case-control approach to identify Plasmodium falciparum polymorphisms associated with severe malaria. (2009) Chokejindachai, Watcharee; Conway, David J

Tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin-alpha polymorphisms and severe malaria in African populations. (2009) Clark, Taane G; Diakite, Mahamadou; Auburn, Sarah; Campino, Susana; Fry, Andrew E; Green, Angela; Richardson, Anna; Small, Kerrin; Teo, Yik Y; Wilson, Jonathan; Jallow, Muminatou; Sisay-Joof, Fatou; Pinder, Margaret; Griffiths, Michael J; Peshu, Norbert; Williams, Thomas N; Marsh, Kevin; Molyneux, Malcolm E; Taylor, Terrie E; Rockett, Kirk A; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P

Allelic heterogeneity of G6PD deficiency in West Africa and severe malaria susceptibility. (2009) Clark, Taane G; Fry, Andrew E; Auburn, Sarah; Campino, Susana; Diakite, Mahamadou; Green, Angela; Richardson, Anna; Teo, Yik Y; Small, Kerrin; Wilson, Jonathan; Jallow, Muminatou; Sisay-Joof, Fatou; Pinder, Margaret; Sabeti, Pardis; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P; Rockett, Kirk A

An inhibitory antibody blocks interactions between components of the malarial invasion machinery. (2009) Collins, Christine R; Withers-Martinez, Chrislaine; Hackett, Fiona; Blackman, Michael J

Campylobacter jejuni cocultured with epithelial cells reduces surface capsular polysaccharide expression. (2009) Corcionivoschi, N; Clyne, M; Lyons, A; Elmi, A; Gundogdu, O; Wren, BW; Dorrell, N; Karlyshev, AV; Bourke, B

Proteomic comparison of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar and the role of E. histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase 3 in virulence. (2009) Davis, Paul H; Chen, Minghe; Zhang, Xiaochun; Clark, C Graham; Townsend, R Reid; Stanley, Samuel L

Clostridium difficile--a continually evolving and problematic pathogen. (2009) Dawson, Lisa F; Valiente, Esmeralda; Wren, Brendan W

A genetic association study in the Gambia using tagging polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex class III region implicates a HLA-B associated transcript 2 polymorphism in severe malaria susceptibility. (2009) Diakite, Mahamadou; Clark, Taane G; Auburn, Sarah; Campino, Susana; Fry, Andrew E; Green, Angela; Morris, Andrew P; Richardson, Anna; Jallow, Muminatou; Sisay-Joof, Fatou; Pinder, Margaret; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P; Rockett, Kirk A

A courageous step down the road toward a new tuberculosis vaccine. (2009) Dockrell, Hazel M; Zhang, Ying

Signalling in malaria parasites. The MALSIG consortium. (2009) Doerig, C; Baker, D; Billker, O; Blackman, MJ; Chitnis, C; Dhar Kumar, S; Heussler, V; Holder, AA; Kocken, C; Krishna, S; Langsley, G; Lasonder, E; Menard, R; Meissner, M; Pradel, G; Ranford-Cartwright, L; Sharma, A; Sharma, P; Tardieux, T; Tatu, U; Alano, P

Chapter 5. Potential contribution of sero-epidemiological analysis for monitoring malaria control and elimination: historical and current perspectives. (2009) Drakeley, Chris; Cook, Jackie

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of (2-oxaadamant-1-yl)amines. (2009) Duque, María D; Camps, Pelayo; Profire, Lenuta; Montaner, Silvia; Vázquez, Santiago; Sureda, Francesc X; Mallol, Jordi; López-Querol, Marta; Naesens, Lieve; De Clercq, Erik; Prathalingam, S Radhika; Kelly, John M

A Burkholderia pseudomallei protein microarray reveals serodiagnostic and cross-reactive antigens. (2009) Felgner, Philip L; Kayala, Matthew A; Vigil, Adam; Burk, Chad; Nakajima-Sasaki, Rie; Pablo, Jozelyn; Molina, Douglas M; Hirst, Siddiqua; Chew, Janet SW; Wang, Dongling; Tan, Gladys; Duffield, Melanie; Yang, Ron; Neel, Julien; Chantratita, Narisara; Bancroft, Greg; Lertmemongkolchai, Ganjana; Davies, D Huw; Baldi, Pierre; Peacock, Sharon; Titball, Richard W

Homeostatic regulation of T effector to Treg ratios in an area of seasonal malaria transmission. (2009) Finney, Olivia C; Nwakanma, Davis; Conway, David J; Walther, Michael; Riley, Eleanor M

A New Vaccine for Tuberculosis: The Challenges of Development and Deployment. (2009) Fletcher, Helen A; Hawkridge, Tony; McShane, Helen

Transcriptional profiling of mycobacterial antigen-induced responses in infants vaccinated with BCG at birth. (2009) Fletcher, Helen A; Keyser, Alana; Bowmaker, Mark; Sayles, Peter C; Kaplan, Gilla; Hussey, Greg; Hill, Adrian VS; Hanekom, Willem A

Plasmodium falciparum heterochromatin protein 1 marks genomic loci linked to phenotypic variation of exported virulence factors. (2009) Flueck, Christian; Bartfai, Richard; Volz, Jennifer; Niederwieser, Igor; Salcedo-Amaya, Adriana M; Alako, Blaise TF; Ehlgen, Florian; Ralph, Stuart A; Cowman, Alan F; Bozdech, Zbynek; Stunnenberg, Hendrik G; Voss, Till S

Positive selection of a CD36 nonsense variant in sub-Saharan Africa, but no association with severe malaria phenotypes. (2009) Fry, Andrew E; Ghansa, Anita; Small, Kerrin S; Palma, Alejandro; Auburn, Sarah; Diakite, Mahamadou; Green, Angela; Campino, Susana; Teo, Yik Y; Clark, Taane G; Jeffreys, Anna E; Wilson, Jonathan; Jallow, Muminatou; Sisay-Joof, Fatou; Pinder, Margaret; Griffiths, Michael J; Peshu, Norbert; Williams, Thomas N; Newton, Charles R; Marsh, Kevin; Molyneux, Malcolm E; Taylor, Terrie E; Koram, Kwadwo A; Oduro, Abraham R; Rogers, William O; Rockett, Kirk A; Sabeti, Pardis C; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P picture_as_pdf

Missing in action: enzyme functional annotations in biological databases. (2009) Furnham, Nicholas; Garavelli, John S; Apweiler, Rolf; Thornton, Janet M

From genome-based in silico predictions to ex vivo verification of leprosy diagnosis. (2009) Geluk, Annemieke; Spencer, John S; Bobosha, Kidist; Pessolani, Maria CV; Pereira, Geraldo MB; Banu, Sayera; Honoré, Nadine; Reece, Stephen T; MacDonald, Murdo; Sapkota, Bishwa Raj; Ranjit, Chaman; Franken, Kees LMC; Zewdie, Martha; Aseffa, Abraham; Hussain, Rabia; Stefani, Mariane M; Cho, Sang-Nae; Oskam, Linda; Brennan, Patrick J; Dockrell, Hazel M; IDEAL Consortium

Combining 4-aminoquinoline- and clotrimazole-based pharmacophores toward innovative and potent hybrid antimalarials. (2009) Gemma, Sandra; Campiani, Giuseppe; Butini, Stefania; Joshi, Bhupendra P; Kukreja, Gagan; Coccone, Salvatore Sanna; Bernetti, Matteo; Persico, Marco; Nacci, Vito; Fiorini, Isabella; Novellino, Ettore; Taramelli, Donatella; Basilico, Nicoletta; Parapini, Silvia; Yardley, Vanessa; Croft, Simon; Keller-Maerki, Sonja; Rottmann, Matthias; Brun, Reto; Coletta, Massimiliano; Marini, Stefano; Guiso, Giovanna; Caccia, Silvio; Fattorusso, Caterina

High resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine in northern Tanzania and the emergence of dhps resistance mutation at Codon 581. (2009) Gesase, Samwel; Gosling, Roly D; Hashim, Ramadhan; Ord, Rosalynn; Naidoo, Inbarani; Madebe, Rashid; Mosha, Jacklin F; Joho, Angel; Mandia, Victor; Mrema, Hedwiga; Mapunda, Ephraim; Savael, Zacharia; Lemnge, Martha; Mosha, Frank W; Greenwood, Brian; Roper, Cally; Chandramohan, Daniel

A new series of amodiaquine analogues modified in the basic side chain with in vitro antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activity. (2009) Guglielmo, Stefano; Bertinaria, Massimo; Rolando, Barbara; Crosetti, Marco; Fruttero, Roberta; Yardley, Vanessa; Croft, Simon L; Gasco, Alberto

Building research capacity through international partnerships. (2009) Haines, Andy; Dockrell, Hazel

Gastrointestinal nematode infection exacerbates malaria-induced liver pathology. (2009) Helmby, Helena

Helminths and our immune system: friend or foe? (2009) Helmby, Helena

Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation island important in cell charge, legionaminic acid biosynthesis, and colonization of chickens. (2009) Howard, Sarah L; Jagannathan, Aparna; Soo, Evelyn C; Hui, Joseph PM; Aubry, Annie J; Ahmed, Imran; Karlyshev, Andrey; Kelly, John F; Jones, Michael A; Stevens, Mark P; Logan, Susan M; Wren, Brendan W

Molecular characterization of a subgroup IE intron with wide distribution in the large subunit rRNA genes of dermatophyte fungi. (2009) Jackson, Colin J; Barton, Richard C; Clark, C Graham; Kelly, Steven L

Proteomic technology in the design of new effective antibacterial vaccines. (2009) Jagusztyn-Krynicka, Elzbieta Katarzyna; Dadlez, Michał; Grabowska, Anna; Roszczenko, Paula

Genome-wide and fine-resolution association analysis of malaria in West Africa. (2009) Jallow, Muminatou; Teo, Yik Ying; Small, Kerrin S; Rockett, Kirk A; Deloukas, Panos; Clark, Taane G; Kivinen, Katja; Bojang, Kalifa A; Conway, David J; Pinder, Margaret; Sirugo, Giorgio; Sisay-Joof, Fatou; Usen, Stanley; Auburn, Sarah; Bumpstead, Suzannah J; Campino, Susana; Coffey, Alison; Dunham, Andrew; Fry, Andrew E; Green, Angela; Gwilliam, Rhian; Hunt, Sarah E; Inouye, Michael; Jeffreys, Anna E; Mendy, Alieu; Palotie, Aarno; Potter, Simon; Ragoussis, Jiannis; Rogers, Jane; Rowlands, Kate; Somaskantharajah, Elilan; Whittaker, Pamela; Widden, Claire; Donnelly, Peter; Howie, Bryan; Marchini, Jonathan; Morris, Andrew; SanJoaquin, Miguel; Achidi, Eric Akum; Agbenyega, Tsiri; Allen, Angela; Amodu, Olukemi; Corran, Patrick; Djimde, Abdoulaye; Dolo, Amagana; Doumbo, Ogobara K; Drakeley, Chris; Dunstan, Sarah; Evans, Jennifer; Farrar, Jeremy; Fernando, Deepika; Hien, Tran Tinh; Horstmann, Rolf D; Ibrahim, Muntaser; Karunaweera, Nadira; Kokwaro, Gilbert; Koram, Kwadwo A; Lemnge, Martha; Makani, Julie; Marsh, Kevin; Michon, Pascal; Modiano, David; Molyneux, Malcolm E; Mueller, Ivo; Parker, Michael; Peshu, Norbert; Plowe, Christopher V; Puijalon, Odile; Reeder, John; Reyburn, Hugh; Riley, Eleanor M; Sakuntabhai, Anavaj; Singhasivanon, Pratap; Sirima, Sodiomon; Tall, Adama; Taylor, Terrie E; Thera, Mahamadou; Troye-Blomberg, Marita; Williams, Thomas N; Wilson, Michael; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network

Effects of genetic variation at the CYP2C19/CYP2C9 locus on pharmacokinetics of chlorcycloguanil in adult Gambians. (2009) Janha, Ramatoulie E; Sisay-Joof, Fatoumatta; Hamid-Adiamoh, Majidah; Worwui, Archibald; Chapman, Hannah L; Opara, Hyginus; Dunyo, Sam; Milligan, Paul; Rockett, Kirk; Winstanley, Peter; Pirmohamed, Munir; Miller, Ann K; Conway, David J; Walton, Robert T

Optimizing odor-baited trap methods for collecting mosquitoes during the malaria season in The Gambia. (2009) Jawara, Musa; Smallegange, Renate C; Jeffries, David; Nwakanma, Davis C; Awolola, Taiwo Samson; Knols, Bart GJ; Takken, Willem; Conway, David J

Model-building strategies for low-resolution X-ray crystallographic data. (2009) Karmali, Anjum M; Blundell, Tom L; Furnham, Nicholas

Recent advances in systems microbiology. (2009) Kay, Emily; Wren, Brendan W

Effect of two different house screening interventions on exposure to malaria vectors and on anaemia in children in The Gambia: a randomised controlled trial. (2009) Kirby, Matthew J; Ameh, David; Bottomley, Christian; Green, Clare; Jawara, Musa; Milligan, Paul J; Snell, Paul C; Conway, David J; Lindsay, Steve W

A multifunctional serine protease primes the malaria parasite for red blood cell invasion. (2009) Koussis, Konstantinos; Withers-Martinez, Chrislaine; Yeoh, Sharon; Child, Matthew; Hackett, Fiona; Knuepfer, Ellen; Juliano, Luiz; Woehlbier, Ute; Bujard, Hermann; Blackman, Michael J

Early helminth infections are inversely related to anemia, malnutrition, and malaria and are not associated with inflammation in 6- to 23-month-old Zanzibari children. (2009) Kung'u, Jacqueline K; Goodman, David; Haji, Hamad J; Ramsan, Mahdi; Wright, Victoria J; Bickle, Quentin D; Tielsch, James M; Raynes, John G; Stoltzfus, Rebecca J

Adjusting for the acute phase response is essential to interpret iron status indicators among young Zanzibari children prone to chronic malaria and helminth infections. (2009) Kung'u, Jacqueline K; Wright, Victoria J; Haji, Hamad J; Ramsan, Mahdi; Goodman, David; Tielsch, James M; Bickle, Quentin D; Raynes, John G; Stoltzfus, Rebecca J

Population differences in immune responses to Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination in infancy. (2009) Lalor, Maeve K; Ben-Smith, Anne; Gorak-Stolinska, Patricia; Weir, Rosemary E; Floyd, Sian; Blitz, Rose; Mvula, Hazzie; Newport, Melanie J; Branson, Keith; McGrath, Nuala; Crampin, Amelia C; Fine, Paul EM; Dockrell, Hazel M

Complex cytokine profiles induced by BCG vaccination in UK infants. (2009) Lalor, Maeve K; Smith, Steven G; Floyd, Sian; Gorak-Stolinska, Patricia; Weir, Rosemary E; Blitz, Rose; Branson, Keith; Fine, Paul E; Dockrell, Hazel M

N-linked glycosylation in bacteria: an unexpected application. (2009) Langdon, Rebecca H; Cuccui, Jon; Wren, Brendan W

Antibiotic treatment of clostridium difficile carrier mice triggers a supershedder state, spore-mediated transmission, and severe disease in immunocompromised hosts. (2009) Lawley, Trevor D; Clare, Simon; Walker, Alan W; Goulding, David; Stabler, Richard A; Croucher, Nicholas; Mastroeni, Piero; Scott, Paul; Raisen, Claire; Mottram, Lynda; Fairweather, Neil F; Wren, Brendan W; Parkhill, Julian; Dougan, Gordon

Inhibition of erythrocyte invasion and Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 processing by human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG3 antibodies. (2009) Lazarou, Maria; Guevara Patiño, José A; Jennings, Richard M; McIntosh, Richard S; Shi, Jianguo; Howell, Steven; Cullen, Eilish; Jones, Tarran; Adame-Gallegos, Jaime R; Chappel, Jonathan A; McBride, Jana S; Blackman, Michael J; Holder, Anthony A; Pleass, Richard J

A unique phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase is activated by ADP-ribosylation factor in Plasmodium falciparum. (2009) Leber, Werner; Skippen, Alison; Fivelman, Quinton L; Bowyer, Paul W; Cockcroft, Shamshad; Baker, David A

Roles of reactive oxygen species in CXCL8 and CCL2 expression in response to the 30-kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (2009) Lee, Hye-Mi; Shin, Dong-Min; Kim, Kwang-Kyu; Lee, Ji-Sook; Paik, Tae-Hyun; Jo, Eun-Kyeong

Statistical estimation of cell-cycle progression and lineage commitment in Plasmodium falciparum reveals a homogeneous pattern of transcription in ex vivo culture. (2009) Lemieux, Jacob E; Gomez-Escobar, Natalia; Feller, Avi; Carret, Celine; Amambua-Ngwa, Alfred; Pinches, Robert; Day, Felix; Kyes, Sue A; Conway, David J; Holmes, Chris C; Newbold, Chris I

Flow cytometric analysis and microsatellite genotyping reveal extensive DNA content variation in Trypanosoma cruzi populations and expose contrasts between natural and experimental hybrids. (2009) Lewis, Michael D; Llewellyn, Martin S; Gaunt, Michael W; Yeo, Matthew; Carrasco, Hernán J; Miles, Michael A

Genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi: systematic selection of assays allowing rapid and accurate discrimination of all known lineages. (2009) Lewis, Michael D; Ma, Jonathan; Yeo, Matthew; Carrasco, Hernán J; Llewellyn, Martin S; Miles, Michael A

Trypanosoma cruzi IIc: phylogenetic and phylogeographic insights from sequence and microsatellite analysis and potential impact on emergent Chagas disease. (2009) Llewellyn, Martin S; Lewis, Michael D; Acosta, Nidia; Yeo, Matthew; Carrasco, Hernan J; Segovia, Maikell; Vargas, Jorge; Torrico, Faustino; Miles, Michael A; Gaunt, Michael W

Genome-scale multilocus microsatellite typing of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing unit I reveals phylogeographic structure and specific genotypes linked to human infection. (2009) Llewellyn, Martin S; Miles, Michael A; Carrasco, Hernan J; Lewis, Michael D; Yeo, Matthew; Vargas, Jorge; Torrico, Faustino; Diosque, Patricio; Valente, Vera; Valente, Sebastiao A; Gaunt, Michael W

Genome sequence of the emerging pathogen Helicobacter canadensis. (2009) Loman, NJ; Snyder, LAS; Linton, JD; Langdon, R; Lawson, AJ; Weinstock, GM; Wren, BW; Pallen, MJ

In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi strains from Santander, Colombia, to hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine), nifurtimox and benznidazole. (2009) Luna, Katherine Paola; Hernández, Indira Paola; Rueda, César Mauricio; Zorro, María Magdalena; Croft, Simon L; Escobar, Patricia

Polymorphisms in erythrocyte binding antigens 140 and 181 affect function and binding but not receptor specificity in Plasmodium falciparum. (2009) Maier, Alexander G; Baum, Jake; Smith, Brian; Conway, David J; Cowman, Alan F

Lack of association of interferon regulatory factor 1 with severe malaria in affected child-parental trio studies across three African populations. (2009) Mangano, Valentina D; Clark, Taane G; Auburn, Sarah; Campino, Susana; Diakite, Mahamadou; Fry, Andrew E; Green, Angela; Richardson, Anna; Jallow, Muminatou; Sisay-Joof, Fatou; Pinder, Margaret; Griffiths, Michael J; Newton, Charles; Peshu, Norbert; Williams, Thomas N; Marsh, Kevin; Molyneux, Malcolm E; Taylor, Terrie E; Modiano, David; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P; Rockett, Kirk A

Comparative phylogeography of Trypanosoma cruzi TCIIc: new hosts, association with terrestrial ecotopes, and spatial clustering. (2009) Marcili, Arlei; Lima, Luciana; Valente, Vera C; Valente, Sebastião A; Batista, Jael S; Junqueira, Angela CV; Souza, Alda I; da Rosa, João A; Campaner, Marta; Lewis, Michael D; Llewellyn, Martin S; Miles, Michael A; Teixeira, Marta MG

Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazilian Amazonia: Lineages TCI and TCIIa in wild primates, Rhodnius spp. and in humans with Chagas disease associated with oral transmission. (2009) Marcili, Arlei; Valente, Vera C; Valente, Sebastião A; Junqueira, Angela CV; da Silva, Flávia Maia; Pinto, Ana Yecê das Neves; Naiff, Roberto D; Campaner, Marta; Coura, José R; Camargo, Erney P; Miles, Michael A; Teixeira, Marta MG

Rehosting of bacterial chaperones for high-quality protein production. (2009) Martínez-Alonso, Mónica; Toledo-Rubio, Verónica; Noad, Rob; Unzueta, Ugutz; Ferrer-Miralles, Neus; Roy, Polly; Villaverde, Antonio

Bluetongue virus VP6 acts early in the replication cycle and can form the basis of chimeric virus formation. (2009) Matsuo, Eiko; Roy, Polly

Monitoring for multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates and analysis of pyrimethamine resistance evolution in Uige province, Angola. (2009) Menegon, Michela; Pearce, Richard J; Inojosa, Walter O; Pisani, Vincenzo; Abel, Paulo M; Matondo, Alexandre; Bisoffi, Zeno; Majori, Giancarlo; Ord, Rosalynn; Warhurst, David C; Roper, Cally; Severini, Carlo

The molecular epidemiology and phylogeography of Trypanosoma cruzi and parallel research on Leishmania: looking back and to the future. (2009) Miles, MA; Llewellyn, MS; Lewis, MD; Yeo, M; Baleela, R; Fitzpatrick, S; Gaunt, MW; Mauricio, IL

Genetics. Leishmania exploit sex. (2009) Miles, Michael A; Yeo, Matthew; Mauricio, Isabel L

Randomized trial of artesunate+amodiaquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine+amodiaquine, chlorproguanal-dapsone and SP for malaria in pregnancy in Tanzania. (2009) Mutabingwa, Theonest K; Muze, Kandi; Ord, Rosalynn; Briceño, Marnie; Greenwood, Brian M; Drakeley, Chris; Whitty, Christopher JM

Quantitative PCR evaluation of cellular immune responses in Kenyan children vaccinated with a candidate malaria vaccine. (2009) Mwacharo, Jedidah; Dunachie, Susanna J; Kai, Oscar; Hill, Adrian VS; Bejon, Philip; Fletcher, Helen A

Bluetongue vaccines. (2009) Noad, R; Roy, P

Multigene expression of protein complexes by iterative modification of genomic Bacmid DNA. (2009) Noad, Rob J; Stewart, Meredith; Boyce, Mark; Celma, Cristina C; Willison, Keith R; Roy, Polly

Quantitative detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA in saliva, blood, and urine. (2009) Nwakanma, Davis C; Gomez-Escobar, Natalia; Walther, Michael; Crozier, Sarah; Dubovsky, Filip; Malkin, Elissa; Locke, Emily; Conway, David J

Submicroscopic gametocytes and the transmission of antifolate-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Western Kenya. (2009) Oesterholt, Mayke JAM; Alifrangis, Michael; Sutherland, Colin J; Omar, Sabah A; Sawa, Patrick; Howitt, Christina; Gouagna, Louis C; Sauerwein, Robert W; Bousema, Teun picture_as_pdf

Submicroscopic infection in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2009) Okell, Lucy C; Ghani, Azra C; Lyons, Emily; Drakeley, Chris J

Indian hedgehog (Ihh) both promotes and restricts thymocyte differentiation. (2009) Outram, Susan V; Hager-Theodorides, Ariadne L; Shah, Divya K; Rowbotham, Nicola J; Drakopoulou, Ekati; Ross, Susan E; Lanske, Beate; Dessens, Johannes T; Crompton, Tessa

Genomic transcriptional profiling identifies a candidate blood biomarker signature for the diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis. (2009) Pankla, Rungnapa; Buddhisa, Surachat; Berry, Matthew; Blankenship, Derek M; Bancroft, Gregory J; Banchereau, Jacques; Lertmemongkolchai, Ganjana; Chaussabel, Damien

Design and synthesis of Trypanosoma brucei active 1-alkyloxy and 1-benzyloxyadamantano 2-guanylhydrazones. (2009) Papanastasiou, Ioannis; Tsotinis, Andrew; Zoidis, Grigoris; Kolocouris, Nicolas; Prathalingam, S Radhika; Kelly, John M

Multiple origins and regional dispersal of resistant dhps in African Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (2009) Pearce, Richard J; Pota, Hirva; Evehe, Marie-Solange B; Bâ, El-Hadj; Mombo-Ngoma, Ghyslain; Malisa, Allen L; Ord, Rosalynn; Inojosa, Walter; Matondo, Alexandre; Diallo, Diadier A; Mbacham, Wilfred; van den Broek, Ingrid V; Swarthout, Todd D; Getachew, Asefaw; Dejene, Seyoum; Grobusch, Martin P; Njie, Fanta; Dunyo, Samuel; Kweku, Margaret; Owusu-Agyei, Seth; Chandramohan, Daniel; Bonnet, Maryline; Guthmann, Jean-Paul; Clarke, Sian; Barnes, Karen I; Streat, Elizabeth; Katokele, Stark T; Uusiku, Petrina; Agboghoroma, Chris O; Elegba, Olufunmilayo Y; Cissé, Badara; A-Elbasit, Ishraga E; Giha, Hayder A; Kachur, S Patrick; Lynch, Caroline; Rwakimari, John B; Chanda, Pascalina; Hawela, Moonga; Sharp, Brian; Naidoo, Inbarani; Roper, Cally picture_as_pdf

Sonic hedgehog negatively regulates pre-TCR-induced differentiation by a Gli2-dependent mechanism. (2009) Rowbotham, Nicola J; Hager-Theodorides, Ariadne L; Furmanski, Anna L; Ross, Susan E; Outram, Susan V; Dessens, Johannes T; Crompton, Tessa

Prospects for improved bluetongue vaccines. (2009) Roy, Polly; Boyce, Mark; Noad, Robert

Virus-like particles as a vaccine delivery system: myths and facts. (2009) Roy, Polly; Noad, Rob

Antiparasitic activities of acridone alkaloids from Swinglea glutinosa (Bl.) Merr. (2009) Santos, Djalma AP dos; Vieira, Paulo C; Silva, M Fátima das GF da; Fernandes, João B; Rattray, Lauren; Croft, Simon L

Comparison of surveillance methods applied to a situation of low malaria prevalence at rural sites in The Gambia and Guinea Bissau. (2009) Satoguina, Judith; Walther, Brigitte; Drakeley, Christopher; Nwakanma, Davis; Oriero, Eniyou C; Correa, Simon; Corran, Patrick; Conway, David J; Walther, Michael ['material/summary:fileicon_text/html' not defined]

Structure and non-essential function of glycerol kinase in Plasmodium falciparum blood stages. (2009) Schnick, Claudia; Polley, Spencer D; Fivelman, Quinton L; Ranford-Cartwright, Lisa C; Wilkinson, Shane R; Brannigan, James A; Wilkinson, Anthony J; Baker, David A

Co-evolution of genomes and plasmids within Chlamydia trachomatis and the emergence in Sweden of a new variant strain. (2009) Seth-Smith, Helena MB; Harris, Simon R; Persson, Kenneth; Marsh, Pete; Barron, Andrew; Bignell, Alexandra; Bjartling, Carina; Clark, Louise; Cutcliffe, Lesley T; Lambden, Paul R; Lennard, Nicola; Lockey, Sarah J; Quail, Michael A; Salim, Omar; Skilton, Rachel J; Wang, Yibing; Holland, Martin J; Parkhill, Julian; Thomson, Nicholas R; Clarke, Ian N

Low density parasitaemia, red blood cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum specific immune responses in a low endemic area in northern Tanzania. (2009) Shekalaghe, Seif; Alifrangis, Michael; Mwanziva, Charles; Enevold, Anders; Mwakalinga, Steve; Mkali, Humphrey; Kavishe, Reginald; Manjurano, Alphaxard; Sauerwein, Robert; Drakeley, Chris; Bousema, Teun

Genomic and genetic analyses of diversity and plant interactions of Pseudomonas fluorescens. (2009) Silby, Mark W; Cerdeño-Tárraga, Ana M; Vernikos, Georgios S; Giddens, Stephen R; Jackson, Robert W; Preston, Gail M; Zhang, Xue-Xian; Moon, Christina D; Gehrig, Stefanie M; Godfrey, Scott AC; Knight, Christopher G; Malone, Jacob G; Robinson, Zena; Spiers, Andrew J; Harris, Simon; Challis, Gregory L; Yaxley, Alice M; Harris, David; Seeger, Kathy; Murphy, Lee; Rutter, Simon; Squares, Rob; Quail, Michael A; Saunders, Elizabeth; Mavromatis, Konstantinos; Brettin, Thomas S; Bentley, Stephen D; Hothersall, Joanne; Stephens, Elton; Thomas, Christopher M; Parkhill, Julian; Levy, Stuart B; Rainey, Paul B; Thomson, Nicholas R

Identification of major factors influencing ELISpot-based monitoring of cellular responses to antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (2009) Smith, Steven G; Joosten, Simone A; Verscheure, Virginie; Pathan, Ansar A; McShane, Helen; Ottenhoff, Tom HM; Dockrell, Hazel M; Mascart, Françoise

MET and autism susceptibility: family and case-control studies. (2009) Sousa, Inês; Clark, Taane G; Toma, Claudio; Kobayashi, Kazuhiro; Choma, Maja; Holt, Richard; Sykes, Nuala H; Lamb, Janine A; Bailey, Anthony J; Battaglia, Agatino; Maestrini, Elena; Monaco, Anthony P; International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium (IMGS

Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile 027 strains provides insight into the evolution of a hypervirulent bacterium. (2009) Stabler, Richard A; He, Miao; Dawson, Lisa; Martin, Melissa; Valiente, Esmeralda; Corton, Craig; Lawley, Trevor D; Sebaihia, Mohammed; Quail, Michael A; Rose, Graham; Gerding, Dale N; Gibert, Maryse; Popoff, Michel R; Parkhill, Julian; Dougan, Gordon; Wren, Brendan W

Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates from synanthropic and zoo animals and identification of a new subtype. (2009) Stensvold, C Rune; Alfellani, Mohammed A; Nørskov-Lauritsen, Sara; Prip, Katrine; Victory, Emma L; Maddox, Charlotte; Nielsen, Henrik V; Clark, C Graham

Rapid assessment of malaria transmission using age-specific sero-conversion rates. (2009) Stewart, Laveta; Gosling, Roly; Griffin, Jamie; Gesase, Samwel; Campo, Joseph; Hashim, Ramadan; Masika, Paul; Mosha, Jacklin; Bousema, Teun; Shekalaghe, Seif; Cook, Jackie; Corran, Patrick; Ghani, Azra; Riley, Eleanor M; Drakeley, Chris

Validation of a novel approach for the rapid production of immunogenic virus-like particles for bluetongue virus. (2009) Stewart, M; Bhatia, Y; Athmaran, TN; Noad, R; Gastaldi, C; Dubois, E; Russo, P; Thiéry, R; Sailleau, C; Bréard, E; Zientara, S; Roy, P

Steps toward broad-spectrum therapeutics: discovering virulence-associated genes present in diverse human pathogens. (2009) Stubben, Chris J; Duffield, Melanie L; Cooper, Ian A; Ford, Donna C; Gans, Jason D; Karlyshev, Andrey V; Lingard, Bryan; Oyston, Petra CF; de Rochefort, Anna; Song, Jian; Wren, Brendan W; Titball, Rick W; Wolinsky, Murray

Surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes--a new class of transmission-blocking vaccine targets? (2009) Sutherland, Colin J

Novel pfdhps haplotypes among imported cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the United Kingdom. (2009) Sutherland, Colin J; Fifer, Helen; Pearce, Richard J; bin Reza, Faisal; Nicholas, Meredydd; Haustein, Thomas; Njimgye-Tekumafor, Njah E; Doherty, Justin F; Gothard, Philip; Polley, Spencer D; Chiodini, Peter L

Detecting malaria parasites outside the blood. (2009) Sutherland, Colin J; Hallett, Rachel

The malaria parasite cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase plays a central role in blood-stage schizogony. (2009) Taylor, Helen M; McRobert, Louisa; Grainger, Munira; Sicard, Audrey; Dluzewski, Anton R; Hopp, Christine S; Holder, Anthony A; Baker, David A

Genome-wide comparisons of variation in linkage disequilibrium. (2009) Teo, Yik Y; Fry, Andrew E; Bhattacharya, Kanishka; Small, Kerrin S; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P; Clark, Taane G

Assessing genuine parents-offspring trios for genetic association studies. (2009) Teo, Yik Y; Fry, Andrew E; Sanjoaquin, Miguel A; Pederson, Bonnie; Small, Kerrin S; Rockett, Kirk A; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P; Clark, Taane G

Power consequences of linkage disequilibrium variation between populations. (2009) Teo, Yik Y; Small, Kerrin S; Fry, Andrew E; Wu, Yumeng; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P; Clark, Taane G

In-vivo efficacy of amodiaquine-artesunate in children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in western Kenya. (2009) Thwing, JI; Odero, CO; Odhiambo, FO; Otieno, KO; Kariuki, S; Ord, R; Roper, C; McMorrow, M; Vulule, J; Slutsker, L; Newman, RD; Hamel, MJ; Desai, M

Phenotypic and functional characterization of human memory T cell responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei. (2009) Tippayawat, Patcharaporn; Saenwongsa, Wipawee; Mahawantung, Jirawan; Suwannasaen, Duangchan; Chetchotisakd, Ploenchan; Limmathurotsakul, Direk; Peacock, Sharon J; Felgner, Philip L; Atkins, Helen S; Titball, Richard W; Bancroft, Gregory J; Lertmemongkolchai, Ganjana

Trypanosoma cruzi: Serum levels of nitric oxide and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in myocardium and spleen of dogs in the acute stage of infection with metacyclic or blood trypomastigotes. (2009) Vieira, Paula Melo de Abreu; Francisco, Amanda Fortes; de Souza, Sheler Martins; Malaquias, Luiz Cosme Cotta; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa; Giunchetti, Rodolfo Cordeiro; Veloso, Vanja Maria; de Lana, Marta; Tafuri, Washington Luiz; Carneiro, Cláudia Martins

Distinct roles for FOXP3 and FOXP3 CD4 T cells in regulating cellular immunity to uncomplicated and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (2009) Walther, Michael; Jeffries, David; Finney, Olivia C; Njie, Madi; Ebonyi, Augustine; Deininger, Susanne; Lawrence, Emma; Ngwa-Amambua, Alfred; Jayasooriya, Shamanthi; Cheeseman, Ian H; Gomez-Escobar, Natalia; Okebe, Joseph; Conway, David J; Riley, Eleanor M

Role of CpSUB1, a subtilisin-like protease, in Cryptosporidium parvum infection in vitro. (2009) Wanyiri, Jane W; Techasintana, Patsharaporn; O'Connor, Roberta M; Blackman, Michael J; Kim, Kami; Ward, Honorine D

Safety and immunogenicity of boosting BCG vaccinated subjects with BCG: comparison with boosting with a new TB vaccine, MVA85A. (2009) Whelan, Kathryn T; Pathan, Ansar A; Sander, Clare R; Fletcher, Helen A; Poulton, Ian; Alder, Nicola C; Hill, Adrian VS; McShane, Helen

Trypanocidal drugs: mechanisms, resistance and new targets. (2009) Wilkinson, Shane R; Kelly, John M

Immunophoretic rapid diagnostic tests as a source of immunoglobulins for estimating malaria sero-prevalence and transmission intensity. (2009) Williams, Geoffrey S; Mweya, Clement; Stewart, Laveta; Mtove, George; Reyburn, Hugh; Cook, Jackie; Corran, Patrick H; Riley, Eleanor M; Drakeley, Chris J

A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI. (2009) Zingales, B; Andrade, SG; Briones, MRS; Campbell, DA; Chiari, E; Fernandes, O; Guhl, F; Lages-Silva, E; Macedo, AM; Machado, CR; Miles, MA; Romanha, AJ; Sturm, NR; Tibayrenc, M; Schijman, AG; Second Satellite Meeting

Cerebral malaria: why experimental murine models are required to understand the pathogenesis of disease. (2009) de Souza, J Brian; Hafalla, Julius CR; Riley, Eleanor M; Couper, Kevin N

Anti-African trypanocidal and antimalarial activity of natural flavonoids, dibenzoylmethanes and synthetic analogues. (2009) dos Santos, Djalma AP; de C Braga, Patricia A; da Silva, M Fátima das GF; Fernandes, João B; Vieira, Paulo C; Magalhães, Aderbal F; Magalhães, Eva G; Marsaioli, Anita J; de S Moraes, Valéria R; Rattray, Lauren; Croft, Simon L

New levels of sophistication in the transcriptional landscape of bacteria. (2009) van Vliet, Arnoud Hm; Wren, Brendan W