Developments in discounting: With special reference to future health events

Research on time preferences and discounting has two main motivations: to inform decision making by providing a basis for the comparison of future costs and benefits; to explain the influence of the future on current behaviour. This paper introduces the wide range of discount functions which have been advocated in addition to the standard constant rate exponential model. The different approaches taken to estimating the parameters of the discount function are reviewed. The issues raised by discounting in the longer term are discussed. Particular attention is given to time preferences with respect to future health events which have for a number of reasons been a fruitful area for research on time preferences. Specifically the paper examines: the distinctive issues raised when discounting future health events; the methods which have been used to discount health events; the relationship between time preferences and health-affecting behaviour. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.