Emergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria.

Idowu B Olawoye ORCID logo; Paul E Oluniyi ORCID logo; Judith U Oguzie ORCID logo; Jessica NUwanibe; Tolulope A Kayode ORCID logo; Testimony J Olumade ORCID logo; Fehintola VAjogbasile; Edyth Parker ORCID logo; Philomena EEromon; PriscillaAbechi; +129 more... Tope ASobajo; Chinedu A Ugwu ORCID logo; Uwem E George ORCID logo; Femi Ayoade ORCID logo; KazeemAkano; Nicholas EOyejide; IguosadoloNosamiefan; IyanuoluwaFred-Akintunwa; KemiAdedotun-Sulaiman; Farida BBrimmo; Babatunde BAdegboyega; CouragePhilip; Richard A Adeleke ORCID logo; Grace CChukwu; Muhammad I Ahmed ORCID logo; Oludayo OOpe-Ewe; Shobi GOtitoola; Olusola AOgunsanya; Mudasiru FSaibu; Ayotunde ESijuwola; Grace OEzekiel; Oluwagboadurami GJohn; Julie OAkin-John; Oluwasemilogo OAkinlo; Olanrewaju OFayemi; Testimony OIpaye; Deborah CNwodo; Abolade EOmoniyi; Iyobosa BOmwanghe; Christabel ATerkuma; JohnsonOkolie; OlubukolaAyo-Ale; OdiaIkponmwosa; EboBenevolence; Grace ONaregose; Akhilomen EPatience; OsiemiBlessing; AirendeMicheal; AgbukorJacqueline; John OAiyepada; PaulsonEbhodaghe; OmiunuRacheal; EsumehRita; Giwa ERosemary; EhikhametalorSolomon; EkanemAnieno; YerumohEdna; Aire OChris; Adomeh IDonatus; EphraimOgbaini-Emovon; Mirabeau YTatfeng; Hannah E Omunakwe ORCID logo; MienyeBob-Manuel; Rahaman A Ahmed ORCID logo; Chika K Onwuamah ORCID logo; Joseph OShaibu; Azuka Okwuraiwe ORCID logo; Anthony EAtaga; AndrewBock-Oruma; FunmiDaramola; Ibrahim FYusuf; AkinwumiFajola; Nsikak-AbasiNtia; Julie JEkpo; Anietie E Moses ORCID logo; Beatrice WMoore-Igwe; Oluwatosin EFakayode; MoniladeAkinola; Ibrahim MKida; Bamidele S Oderinde ORCID logo; Zara WWudiri; Oluwapelumi O Adeyemi ORCID logo; Olusola A Akanbi ORCID logo; AnthonyAhumibe; Afolabi Akinpelu ORCID logo; OyeronkeAyansola; OlajumokeBabatunde; Adesuyi A Omoare ORCID logo; Chimaobi Chukwu ORCID logo; Nwando GMba; Ewean COmoruyi; OlasunkanmiOlisa; Olatunji K Akande ORCID logo; Ifeanyi ENwafor; Matthew AEkeh; ErimNdoma; Richard LEwah; Rosemary ODuruihuoma; AugustineAbu; ElizabethOdeh; VenatiusOnyia; Chiedozie KOjide; SylvanusOkoro; DanielIgwe; Emeka OOgah; KamranKhan; Nnennaya A Ajayi ORCID logo; Collins NUgwu; Kingsley NUkwaja; Ngozi IUgwu; ChukwuyemAbejegah; NelsonAdedosu; OlufemiAyodeji; Ahmed ALiasu; Rafiu OIsamotu; GaladimaGadzama; Brittany A Petros ORCID logo; Katherine J Siddle ORCID logo; Stephen F Schaffner ORCID logo; GeorgeAkpede; Cyril OshomahErameh; Marycelin M Baba ORCID logo; Femi Oladiji ORCID logo; Rosemary Audu ORCID logo; NnaemekaNdodo; AdeolaFowotade; SylvanusOkogbenin; Peter OOkokhere; Danny J Park ORCID logo; Bronwyn L Mcannis ORCID logo; Ifedayo M Adetifa ORCID logo; ChikweIhekweazu; Babatunde LSalako; Oyewale Tomori ORCID logo; Anise NHappi; Onikepe A Folarin ORCID logo; Kristian G Andersen ORCID logo; Pardis C Sabeti ORCID logo; Christian T Happi ORCID logo; (2023) Emergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria. Nature communications, 14 (1). p. 811. ISSN 2041-1723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36449-5
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Identifying the dissemination patterns and impacts of a virus of economic or health importance during a pandemic is crucial, as it informs the public on policies for containment in order to reduce the spread of the virus. In this study, we integrated genomic and travel data to investigate the emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.318 and B.1.525 (Eta) variants of interest in Nigeria and the wider Africa region. By integrating travel data and phylogeographic reconstructions, we find that these two variants that arose during the second wave in Nigeria emerged from within Africa, with the B.1.525 from Nigeria, and then spread to other parts of the world. Data from this study show how regional connectivity of Nigeria drove the spread of these variants of interest to surrounding countries and those connected by air-traffic. Our findings demonstrate the power of genomic analysis when combined with mobility and epidemiological data to identify the drivers of transmission, as bidirectional transmission within and between African nations are grossly underestimated as seen in our import risk index estimates.



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