Emergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria.

Idowu B Olawoye ORCID logo; Paul E Oluniyi ORCID logo; Judith U Oguzie ORCID logo; Jessica N Uwanibe; Tolulope A Kayode ORCID logo; Testimony J Olumade ORCID logo; Fehintola V Ajogbasile; Edyth Parker ORCID logo; Philomena E Eromon; Priscilla Abechi; +129 more... Tope A Sobajo; Chinedu A Ugwu ORCID logo; Uwem E George ORCID logo; Femi Ayoade ORCID logo; Kazeem Akano; Nicholas E Oyejide; Iguosadolo Nosamiefan; Iyanuoluwa Fred-Akintunwa; Kemi Adedotun-Sulaiman; Farida B Brimmo; Babatunde B Adegboyega; Courage Philip; Richard A Adeleke ORCID logo; Grace C Chukwu; Muhammad I Ahmed ORCID logo; Oludayo O Ope-Ewe; Shobi G Otitoola; Olusola A Ogunsanya; Mudasiru F Saibu; Ayotunde E Sijuwola; Grace O Ezekiel; Oluwagboadurami G John; Julie O Akin-John; Oluwasemilogo O Akinlo; Olanrewaju O Fayemi; Testimony O Ipaye; Deborah C Nwodo; Abolade E Omoniyi; Iyobosa B Omwanghe; Christabel A Terkuma; Johnson Okolie; Olubukola Ayo-Ale; Odia Ikponmwosa; Ebo Benevolence; Grace O Naregose; Akhilomen E Patience; Osiemi Blessing; Airende Micheal; Agbukor Jacqueline; John O Aiyepada; Paulson Ebhodaghe; Omiunu Racheal; Esumeh Rita; Giwa E Rosemary; Ehikhametalor Solomon; Ekanem Anieno; Yerumoh Edna; Aire O Chris; Adomeh I Donatus; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon; Mirabeau Y Tatfeng; Hannah E Omunakwe ORCID logo; Mienye Bob-Manuel; Rahaman A Ahmed ORCID logo; Chika K Onwuamah ORCID logo; Joseph O Shaibu; Azuka Okwuraiwe ORCID logo; Anthony E Ataga; Andrew Bock-Oruma; Funmi Daramola; Ibrahim F Yusuf; Akinwumi Fajola; Nsikak-Abasi Ntia; Julie J Ekpo; Anietie E Moses ORCID logo; Beatrice W Moore-Igwe; Oluwatosin E Fakayode; Monilade Akinola; Ibrahim M Kida; Bamidele S Oderinde ORCID logo; Zara W Wudiri; Oluwapelumi O Adeyemi ORCID logo; Olusola A Akanbi ORCID logo; Anthony Ahumibe; Afolabi Akinpelu ORCID logo; Oyeronke Ayansola; Olajumoke Babatunde; Adesuyi A Omoare ORCID logo; Chimaobi Chukwu ORCID logo; Nwando G Mba; Ewean C Omoruyi; Olasunkanmi Olisa; Olatunji K Akande ORCID logo; Ifeanyi E Nwafor; Matthew A Ekeh; Erim Ndoma; Richard L Ewah; Rosemary O Duruihuoma; Augustine Abu; Elizabeth Odeh; Venatius Onyia; Chiedozie K Ojide; Sylvanus Okoro; Daniel Igwe; Emeka O Ogah; Kamran Khan; Nnennaya A Ajayi ORCID logo; Collins N Ugwu; Kingsley N Ukwaja; Ngozi I Ugwu; Chukwuyem Abejegah; Nelson Adedosu; Olufemi Ayodeji; Ahmed A Liasu; Rafiu O Isamotu; Galadima Gadzama; Brittany A Petros ORCID logo; Katherine J Siddle ORCID logo; Stephen F Schaffner ORCID logo; George Akpede; Cyril Oshomah Erameh; Marycelin M Baba ORCID logo; Femi Oladiji ORCID logo; Rosemary Audu ORCID logo; Nnaemeka Ndodo; Adeola Fowotade; Sylvanus Okogbenin; Peter O Okokhere; Danny J Park ORCID logo; Bronwyn L Mcannis ORCID logo; Ifedayo M Adetifa ORCID logo; Chikwe Ihekweazu; Babatunde L Salako; Oyewale Tomori ORCID logo; Anise N Happi; Onikepe A Folarin ORCID logo; Kristian G Andersen ORCID logo; Pardis C Sabeti ORCID logo; Christian T Happi ORCID logo; (2023) Emergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria. Nature communications, 14 (1). p. 811. ISSN 2041-1723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36449-5
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Identifying the dissemination patterns and impacts of a virus of economic or health importance during a pandemic is crucial, as it informs the public on policies for containment in order to reduce the spread of the virus. In this study, we integrated genomic and travel data to investigate the emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.318 and B.1.525 (Eta) variants of interest in Nigeria and the wider Africa region. By integrating travel data and phylogeographic reconstructions, we find that these two variants that arose during the second wave in Nigeria emerged from within Africa, with the B.1.525 from Nigeria, and then spread to other parts of the world. Data from this study show how regional connectivity of Nigeria drove the spread of these variants of interest to surrounding countries and those connected by air-traffic. Our findings demonstrate the power of genomic analysis when combined with mobility and epidemiological data to identify the drivers of transmission, as bidirectional transmission within and between African nations are grossly underestimated as seen in our import risk index estimates.


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