Vulnerable newborn types: analysis of subnational, population‐based birth cohorts for 541 285 live births in 23 countries, 2000–2021
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EA Hazel ;
J Katz;
ACC Lee;
M Diaz;
LSF Wu;
S Yoshida;
R Bahl;
C Grandi;
AB Labrique;
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M Rashid;
S Ahmed;
AD Roy;
R Haque;
S Shaikh;
AH Baqui;
SK Saha;
R Khanam;
S Rahman;
R Shapiro;
R Zash;
MF Silveira;
R Buffarini;
P Kolsteren;
C Lachat;
L Huybregts;
D Roberfroid;
L Zeng;
Z Zhu;
J He;
X Qiu ;
SH Gebreyesus;
K Tesfamariam;
D Bekele;
G Chan;
E Baye;
F Workneh;
KP Asante;
EB Kaali;
S Adu‐Afarwuah;
KG Dewey;
S Gyaase;
BJ Wylie;
BR Kirkwood;
A Manu;
RD Thulasiraj;
J Tielsch;
R Chowdhury;
S Taneja;
GR Babu;
P Shriyan;
P Ashorn;
K Maleta;
U Ashorn;
C Mangani;
S Acevedo‐Gallegos;
MJ Rodriguez‐Sibaja;
SK Khatry;
SC LeClerq;
LC Mullany;
F Jehan;
M Ilyas;
SJ Rogerson;
HW Unger;
R Ghosh ;
S Musange;
V Ramokolo;
W Zembe‐Mkabile;
M Lazzerini;
M Rishard;
D Wang;
WW Fawzi;
DTR Minja;
C Schmiegelow ;
H Masanja;
E Smith;
JPA Lusingu;
OA Msemo;
FM Kabole;
SN Slim;
P Keentupthai;
A Mongkolchati;
R Kajubi;
A Kakuru;
P Waiswa;
D Walker;
DH Hamer;
KEA Semrau ;
EB Chaponda;
RM Chico ;
B Banda;
K Musokotwane;
A Manasyan;
JM Pry ;
B Chasekwa;
J Humphrey;
RE Black;
Hasmot Ali;
Parul Christian;
Rolf DW Klemm;
Alan B Massie;
Maithili Mitra;
Sucheta Mehra;
Kerry J Schulze;
Abu Ahmed Shamim;
Alfred Sommer;
MD Barkat Ullah;
Keith P West;
Nazma Begum;
Nabidul Haque Chowdhury;
Md Shafiqul Islam;
Dipak Kumar Mitra;
Abdul Quaiyum;
Modiegi Diseko;
Joseph Makhema;
Yue Cheng;
Yixin Guo;
Shanshan Yuan;
Meselech Roro;
Bilal Shikur;
Frederick Goddard;
Sebastien Haneuse;
Bezawit Hunegnaw;
Yemane Berhane;
Alemayehu Worku;
Seyram Kaali;
Charles D Arnold;
Darby Jack;
Seeba Amenga‐Etego;
Lisa Hurt;
Caitlin Shannon;
Seyi Soremekun;
Nita Bhandari;
Jose Martines;
Sarmila Mazumder;
Yamuna Ana;
R Deepa;
Lotta Hallamaa;
Juha Pyykkö;
Mario I Lumbreras‐Marquez;
Claudia E Mendoza‐Carrera;
Atiya Hussain;
Muhammad Karim;
Farzana Kausar;
Usma Mehmood;
Naila Nadeem;
Muhammad Imran Nisar;
Muhammad Sajid;
Ivo Mueller;
Maria Ome‐Kaius;
Elizabeth Butrick;
Felix Sayinzoga;
Ilaria Mariani;
Willy Urassa;
Thor Theander;
Phillippe Deloron;
Birgitte Bruun Nielsen;
Alfa Muhihi;
Ramadhani Abdallah Noor;
Ib Bygbjerg;
Sofie Lykke Moeller;
Fahad Aftab;
Said M Ali;
Pratibha Dhingra;
Usha Dhingra;
Arup Dutta;
Sunil Sazawal;
Atifa Suleiman;
Mohammed Mohammed;
Saikat Deb;
Moses R Kamya;
Miriam Nakalembe;
Jude Mulowooz;
Nicole Santos;
Godfrey Biemba;
Julie M Herlihy;
Reuben K Mbewe;
Fern Mweena;
Kojo Yeboah‐Antwi;
Jane Bruce;
Daniel Chandramohan;
Andrew Prendergast;
Joy E Lawn;
Hannah Blencowe;
Eric Ohuma;
Yemi Okwaraji;
Judith Yargawa;
Ellen Bradley;
Joanne Katz;
(2023)
Vulnerable newborn types: analysis of subnational, population‐based birth cohorts for 541 285 live births in 23 countries, 2000–2021.
BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
ISSN 1470-0328
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17510
Objective: To examine prevalence of novel newborn types among 541 285 live births in 23 countries from 2000 to 2021. Design: Descriptive multi-country secondary data analysis. Setting: Subnational, population-based birth cohort studies (n = 45) in 23 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) spanning 2000–2021. Population: Liveborn infants. Methods: Subnational, population-based studies with high-quality birth outcome data from LMICs were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn Measurement Collaboration. We defined distinct newborn types using gestational age (preterm [PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH-21st standards (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or large for gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight, LBW [<2500 g], nonLBW) as ten types (using all three outcomes), six types (by excluding the birthweight categorisation), and four types (by collapsing the AGA and LGA categories). We defined small types as those with at least one classification of LBW, PT or SGA. We presented study characteristics, participant characteristics, data missingness, and prevalence of newborn types by region and study. Results: Among 541 285 live births, 476 939 (88.1%) had non-missing and plausible values for gestational age, birthweight and sex required to construct the newborn types. The median prevalences of ten types across studies were T+AGA+nonLBW (58.0%), T+LGA+nonLBW (3.3%), T+AGA+LBW (0.5%), T+SGA+nonLBW (14.2%), T+SGA+LBW (7.1%), PT+LGA+nonLBW (1.6%), PT+LGA+LBW (0.2%), PT+AGA+nonLBW (3.7%), PT+AGA+LBW (3.6%) and PT+SGA+LBW (1.0%). The median prevalence of small types (six types, 37.6%) varied across studies and within regions and was higher in Southern Asia (52.4%) than in Sub-Saharan Africa (34.9%). Conclusions: Further investigation is needed to describe the mortality risks associated with newborn types and understand the implications of this framework for local targeting of interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in LMICs.
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