A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa.
Eduan Wilkinson 
;
Marta Giovanetti ;
Houriiyah Tegally ;
James E San ;
Richard Lessells ;
DiegoCuadros;
Darren PMartin;
David A Rasmussen ;
Abdel-Rahman N Zekri ;
Abdoul KSangare;
+292 more...
Abdoul-SalamOuedraogo;
Abdul KSesay;
AbechiPriscilla;
Adedotun-SulaimanKemi;
Adewunmi M Olubusuyi ;
Adeyemi OO Oluwapelumi ;
AdnèneHammami;
Adrienne A Amuri ;
AhmadSayed;
Ahmed EO Ouma ;
AidaElargoubi;
Nnennaya A Ajayi ;
Ajogbasile FVictoria;
AkanoKazeem;
AkpedeGeorge;
Alexander JTrotter;
Ali A Yahaya ;
Alpha KKeita;
Amadou Diallo ;
AmadouKone;
Amal Souissi ;
AmelChtourou;
Ana V Gutierrez ;
Andrew J Page ;
AnikaVinze;
ArashIranzadeh;
Arnold Lambisia ;
Arshad Ismail ;
Audu Rosemary ;
Augustina Sylverken ;
Ayoade Femi ;
AzeddineIbrahimi;
BabaMarycelin;
Bamidele SOderinde;
BankoleBolajoko;
BeatriceDhaala;
Belinda LHerring;
Berthe-MarieNjanpop-Lafourcade;
Bronwyn Kleinhans ;
BronwynMcInnis;
BryanTegomoh;
Cara Brook ;
Catherine B Pratt ;
Cathrine Scheepers ;
Chantal GAkoua-Koffi;
Charles NAgoti;
ChristophePeyrefitte;
Claudia Daubenberger ;
Collins M Morang'a ;
D James Nokes ;
Daniel G Amoako ;
Daniel L Bugembe ;
Danny Park ;
DavidBaker;
DeelanDoolabh;
Deogratius Ssemwanga ;
Derek Tshiabuila ;
Diarra Bassirou ;
Dominic SY Amuzu ;
DominiqueGoedhals;
Donwilliams OOmuoyo;
DorcasMaruapula;
Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko ;
Eddy K Lusamaki ;
Edgar Simulundu ;
Edidah MOng'era;
Edith NNgabana;
EdwinShumba;
Elmostafa El Fahime ;
Emmanuel Lokilo ;
Enatha Mukantwari ;
EromonPhilomena;
Essia Belarbi ;
Etienne Simon-Loriere ;
Etilé A Anoh ;
Fabian Leendertz ;
FaidaAjili;
Fakayode OEnoch;
Fares Wasfi ;
FatmaAbdelmoula;
Fausta SMosha;
Faustinos TTakawira;
Fawzi Derrar ;
Feriel Bouzid ;
Folarin Onikepe ;
FowotadeAdeola;
Francisca MMuyembe;
Frank Tanser ;
Fred ADratibi;
Gabriel KMbunsu;
Gaetan Thilliez ;
Gemma L Kay ;
GeorgeGithinji;
Gert van Zyl ;
Gordon AAwandare;
GritSchubert;
Gugu PMaphalala;
Hafaliana C Ranaivoson ;
Hajar Lemriss ;
HappiAnise;
HarukaAbe;
Hela H Karray ;
HellenNansumba;
Hesham AElgahzaly;
HlanaiGumbo;
IbtihelSmeti;
Ikhlas BAyed;
IkponmwosaOdia;
Ilhem BoutibaBen Boubaker;
ImedGaaloul;
InbalGazy;
InnocentMudau;
IsaacSsewanyana;
IyalooKonstantinus;
Jean BLekana-Douk;
Jean-Claude C Makangara ;
Jean-Jacques MTamfum;
Jean-Michel Heraud ;
Jeffrey G Shaffer ;
Jennifer Giandhari ;
Jingjing Li ;
Jiro Yasuda ;
Joana Q Mends ;
JocelynKiconco;
John M Morobe ;
John O Gyapong ;
Johnson COkolie;
John TKayiwa;
Johnathan A Edwards ;
Jones Gyamfi ;
JoualiFarah;
JoweriaNakaseegu;
Joyce MNgoi;
JoyceNamulondo;
Julia CAndeko;
Julius J Lutwama ;
JustinO'Grady;
Katherine Siddle ;
Kayode TAdeyemi;
Kefentse A Tumedi ;
Khadija M Said ;
Kim Hae-Young ;
Kwabena O Duedu ;
LahcenBelyamani;
LamiaFki-Berrajah;
Lavanya Singh ;
Leonardo de O Martins ;
Lynn Tyers ;
Magalutcheemee Ramuth ;
Maha Mastouri ;
MahjoubAouni;
Mahmoud El Hefnawi ;
Maitshwarelo I Matsheka ;
MalebogoKebabonye;
MamadouDiop;
ManelTurki;
MarietouPaye;
Martin MNyaga;
MathaboMareka;
Matoke-Muhia Damaris ;
Maureen WMburu;
Maximillian Mpina ;
MbaNwando;
MichaelOwusu;
Michael R Wiley ;
Mirabeau TYoutchou;
Mitoha OAyekaba;
MohamedAbouelhoda;
Mohamed GSeadawy;
Mohamed K Khalifa ;
MookoSekhele;
Mouna Ouadghiri ;
Moussa MDiagne;
Mulenga Mwenda ;
Mushal Allam ;
My VT Phan ;
Nabil Abid ;
NadiaTouil;
NadineRujeni;
Najla Kharrat ;
NaliaIsmael;
NdongoDia;
NedioMabunda;
Nei-Yuan Hsiao ;
Nelson B Silochi ;
NgoyNsenga;
NicksyGumede;
Nicola Mulder ;
NnaemekaNdodo;
Norosoa HRazanajatovo;
NosamiefanIguosadolo;
Oguzie Judith ;
Ojide CKingsley;
OkogbeninSylvanus;
OkokherePeter;
OladijiFemi;
OlawoyeIdowu;
OlumadeTestimony;
Omoruyi EChukwuma;
Onwe EOgah;
Chika K Onwuamah ;
Oshomah Cyril ;
Ousmane Faye ;
Oyewale Tomori ;
PascaleOndoa;
PatriceCombe;
Patrick Semanda ;
Paul E Oluniyi ;
Paulo Arnaldo ;
Peter K Quashie ;
Philippe Dussart ;
Phillip ABester;
Placide KMbala;
Reuben Ayivor-Djanie ;
RichardNjouom;
Richard O Phillips ;
RichmondGorman;
Robert AKingsley;
Rosina AACarr;
SaâdEl Kabbaj;
SabaGargouri;
SaberMasmoudi;
Safietou Sankhe ;
Salako BLawal;
Samar Kassim ;
SamehTrabelsi;
SamarMetha;
SamiKammoun;
Sanaâ Lemriss ;
Sara HA Agwa ;
Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer ;
Stephen F Schaffner ;
Seydou Doumbia ;
Sheila MMandanda;
SherihaneAryeetey;
Shymaa S Ahmed ;
SihamElhamoumi;
SoafyAndriamandimby;
SobajoTope;
SoniaLekana-Douki;
Sophie Prosolek ;
Soumeya Ouangraoua ;
Steve AMundeke;
StevenRudder;
Sumir Panji ;
Sureshnee Pillay ;
Susan Engelbrecht ;
SusanNabadda;
Sylvie Behillil ;
Sylvie LBudiaki;
Sylvie van der Werf ;
TapfumaneiMashe;
TarikAanniz;
Thabo Mohale ;
Thanh Le-Viet ;
Tobias Schindler ;
Ugochukwu J Anyaneji ;
Ugwu Chinedu ;
Upasana Ramphal ;
UwanibeJessica;
Uwem George ;
Vagner Fonseca ;
Vincent Enouf ;
VivianneGorova;
Wael H Roshdy ;
William KAmpofo;
Wolfgang Preiser ;
Wonderful TChoga;
Yaw Bediako ;
Yeshnee Naidoo ;
YvanButera;
Zaydah R de Laurent ;
Amadou ASall;
AhmedRebai;
Anne von Gottberg ;
Bourema Kouriba ;
Carolyn Williamson ;
Daniel J Bridges ;
IhekweazuChikwe;
Jinal N Bhiman ;
MadisaMine;
Matthew Cotten ;
Sikhulile Moyo ;
SimaniGaseitsiwe;
Ngonda Saasa ;
Pardis C Sabeti ;
PontianoKaleebu;
Yenew KTebeje;
Sofonias KTessema;
ChristianHappi;
JohnNkengasong;
Tuliode Oliveira;
(2021)
A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa.
Science, 374 (6566).
pp. 423-431.
ISSN 0036-8075
DOI: 10.1126/science.abj4336
;
Marta Giovanetti ;
Houriiyah Tegally ;
James E San ;
Richard Lessells ;
DiegoCuadros;
Darren PMartin;
David A Rasmussen ;
Abdel-Rahman N Zekri ;
Abdoul KSangare;
+292 more...
Abdoul-SalamOuedraogo;
Abdul KSesay;
AbechiPriscilla;
Adedotun-SulaimanKemi;
Adewunmi M Olubusuyi ;
Adeyemi OO Oluwapelumi ;
AdnèneHammami;
Adrienne A Amuri ;
AhmadSayed;
Ahmed EO Ouma ;
AidaElargoubi;
Nnennaya A Ajayi ;
Ajogbasile FVictoria;
AkanoKazeem;
AkpedeGeorge;
Alexander JTrotter;
Ali A Yahaya ;
Alpha KKeita;
Amadou Diallo ;
AmadouKone;
Amal Souissi ;
AmelChtourou;
Ana V Gutierrez ;
Andrew J Page ;
AnikaVinze;
ArashIranzadeh;
Arnold Lambisia ;
Arshad Ismail ;
Audu Rosemary ;
Augustina Sylverken ;
Ayoade Femi ;
AzeddineIbrahimi;
BabaMarycelin;
Bamidele SOderinde;
BankoleBolajoko;
BeatriceDhaala;
Belinda LHerring;
Berthe-MarieNjanpop-Lafourcade;
Bronwyn Kleinhans ;
BronwynMcInnis;
BryanTegomoh;
Cara Brook ;
Catherine B Pratt ;
Cathrine Scheepers ;
Chantal GAkoua-Koffi;
Charles NAgoti;
ChristophePeyrefitte;
Claudia Daubenberger ;
Collins M Morang'a ;
D James Nokes ;
Daniel G Amoako ;
Daniel L Bugembe ;
Danny Park ;
DavidBaker;
DeelanDoolabh;
Deogratius Ssemwanga ;
Derek Tshiabuila ;
Diarra Bassirou ;
Dominic SY Amuzu ;
DominiqueGoedhals;
Donwilliams OOmuoyo;
DorcasMaruapula;
Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko ;
Eddy K Lusamaki ;
Edgar Simulundu ;
Edidah MOng'era;
Edith NNgabana;
EdwinShumba;
Elmostafa El Fahime ;
Emmanuel Lokilo ;
Enatha Mukantwari ;
EromonPhilomena;
Essia Belarbi ;
Etienne Simon-Loriere ;
Etilé A Anoh ;
Fabian Leendertz ;
FaidaAjili;
Fakayode OEnoch;
Fares Wasfi ;
FatmaAbdelmoula;
Fausta SMosha;
Faustinos TTakawira;
Fawzi Derrar ;
Feriel Bouzid ;
Folarin Onikepe ;
FowotadeAdeola;
Francisca MMuyembe;
Frank Tanser ;
Fred ADratibi;
Gabriel KMbunsu;
Gaetan Thilliez ;
Gemma L Kay ;
GeorgeGithinji;
Gert van Zyl ;
Gordon AAwandare;
GritSchubert;
Gugu PMaphalala;
Hafaliana C Ranaivoson ;
Hajar Lemriss ;
HappiAnise;
HarukaAbe;
Hela H Karray ;
HellenNansumba;
Hesham AElgahzaly;
HlanaiGumbo;
IbtihelSmeti;
Ikhlas BAyed;
IkponmwosaOdia;
Ilhem BoutibaBen Boubaker;
ImedGaaloul;
InbalGazy;
InnocentMudau;
IsaacSsewanyana;
IyalooKonstantinus;
Jean BLekana-Douk;
Jean-Claude C Makangara ;
Jean-Jacques MTamfum;
Jean-Michel Heraud ;
Jeffrey G Shaffer ;
Jennifer Giandhari ;
Jingjing Li ;
Jiro Yasuda ;
Joana Q Mends ;
JocelynKiconco;
John M Morobe ;
John O Gyapong ;
Johnson COkolie;
John TKayiwa;
Johnathan A Edwards ;
Jones Gyamfi ;
JoualiFarah;
JoweriaNakaseegu;
Joyce MNgoi;
JoyceNamulondo;
Julia CAndeko;
Julius J Lutwama ;
JustinO'Grady;
Katherine Siddle ;
Kayode TAdeyemi;
Kefentse A Tumedi ;
Khadija M Said ;
Kim Hae-Young ;
Kwabena O Duedu ;
LahcenBelyamani;
LamiaFki-Berrajah;
Lavanya Singh ;
Leonardo de O Martins ;
Lynn Tyers ;
Magalutcheemee Ramuth ;
Maha Mastouri ;
MahjoubAouni;
Mahmoud El Hefnawi ;
Maitshwarelo I Matsheka ;
MalebogoKebabonye;
MamadouDiop;
ManelTurki;
MarietouPaye;
Martin MNyaga;
MathaboMareka;
Matoke-Muhia Damaris ;
Maureen WMburu;
Maximillian Mpina ;
MbaNwando;
MichaelOwusu;
Michael R Wiley ;
Mirabeau TYoutchou;
Mitoha OAyekaba;
MohamedAbouelhoda;
Mohamed GSeadawy;
Mohamed K Khalifa ;
MookoSekhele;
Mouna Ouadghiri ;
Moussa MDiagne;
Mulenga Mwenda ;
Mushal Allam ;
My VT Phan ;
Nabil Abid ;
NadiaTouil;
NadineRujeni;
Najla Kharrat ;
NaliaIsmael;
NdongoDia;
NedioMabunda;
Nei-Yuan Hsiao ;
Nelson B Silochi ;
NgoyNsenga;
NicksyGumede;
Nicola Mulder ;
NnaemekaNdodo;
Norosoa HRazanajatovo;
NosamiefanIguosadolo;
Oguzie Judith ;
Ojide CKingsley;
OkogbeninSylvanus;
OkokherePeter;
OladijiFemi;
OlawoyeIdowu;
OlumadeTestimony;
Omoruyi EChukwuma;
Onwe EOgah;
Chika K Onwuamah ;
Oshomah Cyril ;
Ousmane Faye ;
Oyewale Tomori ;
PascaleOndoa;
PatriceCombe;
Patrick Semanda ;
Paul E Oluniyi ;
Paulo Arnaldo ;
Peter K Quashie ;
Philippe Dussart ;
Phillip ABester;
Placide KMbala;
Reuben Ayivor-Djanie ;
RichardNjouom;
Richard O Phillips ;
RichmondGorman;
Robert AKingsley;
Rosina AACarr;
SaâdEl Kabbaj;
SabaGargouri;
SaberMasmoudi;
Safietou Sankhe ;
Salako BLawal;
Samar Kassim ;
SamehTrabelsi;
SamarMetha;
SamiKammoun;
Sanaâ Lemriss ;
Sara HA Agwa ;
Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer ;
Stephen F Schaffner ;
Seydou Doumbia ;
Sheila MMandanda;
SherihaneAryeetey;
Shymaa S Ahmed ;
SihamElhamoumi;
SoafyAndriamandimby;
SobajoTope;
SoniaLekana-Douki;
Sophie Prosolek ;
Soumeya Ouangraoua ;
Steve AMundeke;
StevenRudder;
Sumir Panji ;
Sureshnee Pillay ;
Susan Engelbrecht ;
SusanNabadda;
Sylvie Behillil ;
Sylvie LBudiaki;
Sylvie van der Werf ;
TapfumaneiMashe;
TarikAanniz;
Thabo Mohale ;
Thanh Le-Viet ;
Tobias Schindler ;
Ugochukwu J Anyaneji ;
Ugwu Chinedu ;
Upasana Ramphal ;
UwanibeJessica;
Uwem George ;
Vagner Fonseca ;
Vincent Enouf ;
VivianneGorova;
Wael H Roshdy ;
William KAmpofo;
Wolfgang Preiser ;
Wonderful TChoga;
Yaw Bediako ;
Yeshnee Naidoo ;
YvanButera;
Zaydah R de Laurent ;
Amadou ASall;
AhmedRebai;
Anne von Gottberg ;
Bourema Kouriba ;
Carolyn Williamson ;
Daniel J Bridges ;
IhekweazuChikwe;
Jinal N Bhiman ;
MadisaMine;
Matthew Cotten ;
Sikhulile Moyo ;
SimaniGaseitsiwe;
Ngonda Saasa ;
Pardis C Sabeti ;
PontianoKaleebu;
Yenew KTebeje;
Sofonias KTessema;
ChristianHappi;
JohnNkengasong;
Tuliode Oliveira;
(2021)
A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa.
Science, 374 (6566).
pp. 423-431.
ISSN 0036-8075
DOI: 10.1126/science.abj4336
The progression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Africa has so far been heterogeneous, and the full impact is not yet well understood. In this study, we describe the genomic epidemiology using a dataset of 8746 genomes from 33 African countries and two overseas territories. We show that the epidemics in most countries were initiated by importations predominantly from Europe, which diminished after the early introduction of international travel restrictions. As the pandemic progressed, ongoing transmission in many countries and increasing mobility led to the emergence and spread within the continent of many variants of concern and interest, such as B.1.351, B.1.525, A.23.1, and C.1.1. Although distorted by low sampling numbers and blind spots, the findings highlight that Africa must not be left behind in the global pandemic response, otherwise it could become a source for new variants.
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