The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.
;
Duy Thanh Pham;
Christine Boinett;
Vanessa K Wong;
Gi Deok Pak;
Ursula Panzner;
Ligia Maria Cruz Espinoza;
Vera von Kalckreuth;
Justin Im;
Heidi Schütt-Gerowitt;
+60 more...
John A Crump;
Robert F Breiman;
Yaw Adu-Sarkodie;
Ellis Owusu-Dabo;
Raphaël Rakotozandrindrainy;
Abdramane Bassiahi Soura;
Abraham Aseffa ;
Nagla Gasmelseed;
Karen H Keddy;
Jürgen May ;
Amy Gassama Sow;
Peter Aaby;
Holly M Biggs;
Julian T Hertz;
Joel M Montgomery;
Leonard Cosmas;
Beatrice Olack;
Barry Fields;
Nimako Sarpong;
Tsiriniaina Jean Luco Razafindrabe;
Tiana Mirana Raminosoa;
Leon Parfait Kabore;
Emmanuel Sampo;
Mekonnen Teferi;
Biruk Yeshitela;
Muna Ahmed El Tayeb;
Arvinda Sooka;
Christian G Meyer;
Ralf Krumkamp;
Denise Myriam Dekker;
Anna Jaeger;
Sven Poppert;
Adama Tall;
Aissatou Niang;
Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen;
Sandra Valborg Løfberg;
Hye Jin Seo;
Hyon Jin Jeon;
Jessica Fung Deerin;
Jinkyung Park;
Frank Konings;
Mohammad Ali ;
John D Clemens;
Peter Hughes;
Juliet Nsimire Sendagala;
Tobias Vudriko;
Robert Downing;
Usman N Ikumapayi ;
Grant A Mackenzie ;
Stephen Obaro;
Silvia Argimon;
David M Aanensen;
Andrew Page;
Jacqueline A Keane;
Sebastian Duchene;
Zoe Dyson ;
Kathryn E Holt ;
Gordon Dougan;
Florian Marks ;
Stephen Baker;
(2018)
The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.
Nature communications, 9 (1).
5094-.
ISSN 2041-1723
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07370-z
There is paucity of data regarding the geographical distribution, incidence, and phylogenetics of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we present a phylogenetic reconstruction of whole genome sequenced 249 contemporaneous S. Typhi isolated between 2008-2015 in 11 sub-Saharan African countries, in context of the 2,057 global S. Typhi genomic framework. Despite the broad genetic diversity, the majority of organisms (225/249; 90%) belong to only three genotypes, 4.3.1 (H58) (99/249; 40%), 3.1.1 (97/249; 39%), and 2.3.2 (29/249; 12%). Genotypes 4.3.1 and 3.1.1 are confined within East and West Africa, respectively. MDR phenotype is found in over 50% of organisms restricted within these dominant genotypes. High incidences of MDR S. Typhi are calculated in locations with a high burden of typhoid, specifically in children aged <15 years. Antimicrobial stewardship, MDR surveillance, and the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines will be critical for the control of MDR typhoid in Africa.
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