The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Duy ThanhPham;
ChristineBoinett;
Vanessa KWong;
Gi DeokPak;
UrsulaPanzner;
Ligia Maria CruzEspinoza;
Veravon Kalckreuth;
JustinIm;
HeidiSchütt-Gerowitt;
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Robert FBreiman;
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Joel MMontgomery;
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Tsiriniaina Jean LucoRazafindrabe;
Tiana MiranaRaminosoa;
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BirukYeshitela;
Muna AhmedEl Tayeb;
ArvindaSooka;
Christian GMeyer;
RalfKrumkamp;
Denise MyriamDekker;
AnnaJaeger;
SvenPoppert;
AdamaTall;
AissatouNiang;
MortenBjerregaard-Andersen;
Sandra ValborgLøfberg;
Hye JinSeo;
Hyon JinJeon;
Jessica FungDeerin;
JinkyungPark;
FrankKonings;
Mohammad Ali ;
John DClemens;
PeterHughes;
Juliet NsimireSendagala;
TobiasVudriko;
RobertDowning;
Usman N Ikumapayi ;
Grant A Mackenzie ;
StephenObaro;
SilviaArgimon;
David MAanensen;
AndrewPage;
Jacqueline AKeane;
SebastianDuchene;
Zoe Dyson ;
Kathryn E Holt ;
GordonDougan;
Florian Marks ;
StephenBaker;
(2018)
The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.
Nature communications, 9 (1).
5094-.
ISSN 2041-1723
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07370-z
There is paucity of data regarding the geographical distribution, incidence, and phylogenetics of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we present a phylogenetic reconstruction of whole genome sequenced 249 contemporaneous S. Typhi isolated between 2008-2015 in 11 sub-Saharan African countries, in context of the 2,057 global S. Typhi genomic framework. Despite the broad genetic diversity, the majority of organisms (225/249; 90%) belong to only three genotypes, 4.3.1 (H58) (99/249; 40%), 3.1.1 (97/249; 39%), and 2.3.2 (29/249; 12%). Genotypes 4.3.1 and 3.1.1 are confined within East and West Africa, respectively. MDR phenotype is found in over 50% of organisms restricted within these dominant genotypes. High incidences of MDR S. Typhi are calculated in locations with a high burden of typhoid, specifically in children aged <15 years. Antimicrobial stewardship, MDR surveillance, and the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines will be critical for the control of MDR typhoid in Africa.
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