In vivo parasitological measures of artemisinin susceptibility.

Kasia Stepniewska; Elizabeth Ashley; Sue J Lee; Nicholas Anstey; Karen I Barnes; Tran Quang Binh; Umberto D'Alessandro ORCID logo; Nicholas PJ Day; Peter J de Vries; Grant Dorsey; +11 more... Jean-Paul Guthmann; Mayfong Mayxay; Paul N Newton; Piero Olliaro; Lyda Osorio; Ric N Price; Mark Rowland ORCID logo; Frank Smithuis; Walter RJ Taylor; François Nosten; Nicholas J White; (2010) In vivo parasitological measures of artemisinin susceptibility. The Journal of infectious diseases, 201 (4). pp. 570-579. ISSN 0022-1899 DOI: 10.1086/650301
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Parasite clearance data from 18,699 patients with falciparum malaria treated with an artemisinin derivative in areas of low (n=14,539), moderate (n=2077), and high (n=2083) levels of malaria transmission across the world were analyzed to determine the factors that affect clearance rates and identify a simple in vivo screening measure for artemisinin resistance. The main factor affecting parasite clearance time was parasite density on admission. Clearance rates were faster in high-transmission settings and with more effective partner drugs in artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs). The result of the malaria blood smear on day 3 (72 h) was a good predictor of subsequent treatment failure and provides a simple screening measure for artemisinin resistance. Artemisinin resistance is highly unlikely if the proportion of patients with parasite densities of <100,000 parasites/microL given the currently recommended 3-day ACT who have a positive smear result on day 3 is <3%; that is, for n patients the observed number with a positive smear result on day 3 does not exceed (n + 60)/24.

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