Estimation with Cox models: cause-specific survival analysis with misclassified cause of failure.

Bart Van Rompaye; Shabbar Jaffar; Els Goetghebeur; (2012) Estimation with Cox models: cause-specific survival analysis with misclassified cause of failure. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass), 23 (2). pp. 194-202. ISSN 1044-3983 DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182454cad
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While epidemiologic and clinical research often aims to analyze predictors of specific endpoints, time-to-the-specific-event analysis can be hampered by problems with cause ascertainment. Under typical assumptions of competing risks analysis (and missing-data settings), we correct the cause-specific proportional hazards analysis when information on the reliability of diagnosis is available. Our method avoids bias in effect estimates at low cost in variance, thus offering a perspective for better-informed decision making. The ratio of different cause-specific hazards can be estimated flexibly for this purpose. It thus complements an all-cause analysis. In a sensitivity analysis, this approach can reveal the likely extent and direction of the bias of a standard cause-specific analysis when the diagnosis is suspect. These 2 uses are illustrated in a randomized vaccine trial and an epidemiologic cohort study, respectively.

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