Smoking and risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: analysis of the EPIC cohort.

Valentina Gallo; H Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita; Roel Vermeulen; Peter M Andersen; Andreas Kyrozis; Jakob Linseisen; Rudolph Kaaks; Naomi E Allen; Andrew W Roddam; Hendriek C Boshuizen; +28 more... Petra H Peeters; Domenico Palli; Amalia Mattiello; Sabina Sieri; Rosario Tumino; Juan-Manuel Jiménez-Martín; María José Tormo Díaz; Laudina Rodriguez Suarez; Antonia Trichopoulou; Antonio Agudo; Larraitz Arriola; Aurelio Barricante-Gurrea; Sheila Bingham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Jonas Manjer; Björn Lindkvist; Kim Overvad; Flemming W Bach; Anne Tjønneland; Anja Olsen; Manuela M Bergmann; Heiner Boeing; Francoise Clavel-Chapelon; Eiliv Lund; Göran Hallmans; Lefkos Middleton; Paolo Vineis; Elio Riboli; (2009) Smoking and risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: analysis of the EPIC cohort. Annals of neurology, 65 (4). pp. 378-385. ISSN 0364-5134 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21653
Copy

OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking has been reported as "probable" risk factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a poorly understood disease in terms of aetiology. The extensive longitudinal data of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) were used to evaluate age-specific mortality rates from ALS and the role of cigarette smoking on the risk of dying from ALS. METHODS: A total of 517,890 healthy subjects were included, resulting in 4,591,325 person-years. ALS cases were ascertained through death certificates. Cox hazard models were built to investigate the role of smoking on the risk of ALS, using packs/years and smoking duration to study dose-response. RESULTS: A total of 118 subjects died from ALS, resulting in a crude mortality rate of 2.69 per 100,000/year. Current smokers at recruitment had an almost two-fold increased risk of dying from ALS compared to never smokers (HR = 1.89, 95% C.I. 1.14-3.14), while former smokers at the time of enrollment had a 50% increased risk (HR = 1.48, 95% C.I. 0.94-2.32). The number of years spent smoking increased the risk of ALS (p for trend = 0.002). Those who smoked more than 33 years had more than a two-fold increased risk of ALS compared with never smokers (HR = 2.16, 95% C.I. 1.33-3.53). Conversely, the number of years since quitting smoking was associated with a decreased risk of ALS compared with continuing smoking. INTERPRETATION: These results strongly support the hypothesis of a role of cigarette smoking in aetiology of ALS. We hypothesize that this could occur through lipid peroxidation via formaldehyde exposure.

Full text not available from this repository.

Atom BibTeX OpenURL ContextObject in Span Multiline CSV OpenURL ContextObject Dublin Core Dublin Core MPEG-21 DIDL EndNote HTML Citation JSON MARC (ASCII) MARC (ISO 2709) METS MODS RDF+N3 RDF+N-Triples RDF+XML RIOXX2 XML Reference Manager Refer Simple Metadata ASCII Citation EP3 XML
Export

Downloads