What is the difference between missing completely at random and missing at random?

Krishnan Bhaskaran ORCID logo; Liam Smeeth ORCID logo; (2014) What is the difference between missing completely at random and missing at random? International journal of epidemiology, 43 (4). pp. 1336-1339. ISSN 0300-5771 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu080
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The terminology describing missingness mechanisms is confusing. In particular the meaning of 'missing at random' is often misunderstood, leading researchers faced with missing data problems away from multiple imputation, a method with considerable advantages. The purpose of this article is to clarify how 'missing at random' differs from 'missing completely at random' via an imagined dialogue between a clinical researcher and statistician.


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