The influence of venous thromboembolism on quality of life and severity of chronic venous disease.

BACKGROUND: It is not known whether burden-of-illness differs in chronic venous disease patients with prior venous thromboembolism compared with patients with other forms of chronic venous disease. OBJECTIVE: To compare severity of disease and quality of life in chronic venous disease patients with and without prior venous thromboembolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The VEINES Study population is an international cohort of 1531 outpatients with chronic venous disease in Belgium, France, Italy and Canada. Clinical severity of chronic venous disease graded using the seven-category 'CEAP' scale, and quality of life using standardized generic (SF-36) and venous disease-specific (VEINES-QOL/Sym) questionnaires were compared in patients with and without venous thromboembolism. Multivariable analyses with adjustment for known confounders were used to examine associations between venous thromboembolism and quality of life. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one (10%) patients had prior venous thromboembolism. These patients had more severe chronic venous disease than those without venous thromboembolism (P <0.0001), including a higher frequency of healed or active ulcers (29% vs. 7%, respectively). Multivariable analyses controlling for age, sex, country, education, body mass index, years of chronic venous disease and comorbid conditions demonstrated that prior venous thromboembolism was an independent predictor of poorer generic quality of life (SF-36 Mental Component Summary score, P=0.047; SF-36 Physical Component Summary score, P=0.012) and venous disease-specific quality of life (VEINES-QOL, P = 0.0002; VEINES-Sym, P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Disease severity is worse and quality of life poorer in chronic venous disease patients with prior venous thromboembolism compared with patients with other forms of chronic venous disease. Our findings support the need for further research of interventions to prevent and treat the long-term complications of venous thromboembolism.