Whatever turns you on: accessory-cell-dependent activation of NK cells by pathogens.

Kirsty C Newman; Eleanor M Riley; (2007) Whatever turns you on: accessory-cell-dependent activation of NK cells by pathogens. Nature reviews Immunology, 7 (4). pp. 279-291. ISSN 1474-1733 DOI: 10.1038/nri2057
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Natural killer (NK) cells have a crucial role in combating infections and cancers and their surface receptors can directly recognize and respond to damaged, transformed or non-self cells. Whereas some virus-infected cells are recognized by this same route, NK-cell responses to many pathogens are triggered by a different mechanism. Activation of NK cells by these pathogens requires the presence of accessory cells such as monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Recent studies have identified numerous pathogen-recognition receptors that enable accessory cells to recognize different pathogens and subsequently transmit signals--both soluble and contact-dependent--to NK cells, which respond by upregulating their cytotoxic potential and the production of inflammatory cytokines.

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